Help:Editing

Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.


Contents

General

To edit an Eatoni page, click on the "edit" link at the right side of an editable page section, the "Post Comment" link on top of Comment pages, or the "Edit page" link next to the title of the page (if you are a sysop). This will bring you to a page with a text box containing the wikitext: the editable source code from which the server produces the webpage. For the special codes, see below.

After adding to or changing the wikitext it is useful to press "Preview", which produces the corresponding webpage in your browser but does not make it publicly available yet (not until you press "Save"). Errors in formatting, links, tables, etc., are often much easier to discover from the rendered page than from the raw wikitext.

If you are not satisfied you can make more changes and preview the page as many times as necessary. Then write a short edit summary in the small text field below the edit-box and when finished press "Save". Depending on your system, pressing the "Enter" key while the edit box is not active (i.e., there is no typing cursor in it) may have the same effect as pressing "Save".

You may find it more convenient to copy and paste the text first into your favorite text editor, edit and spell check it there, and then paste it back into your web browser to preview. This way, you can also keep a local backup copy of the pages you have edited. It also allows you to make changes offline, but before you submit your changes, please make sure nobody else has edited the page since you saved your local copy (by checking the page history), otherwise you may accidentally revert someone else's edits. If someone has edited it since you copied the page, you'll have to merge their edits into your new version (you can find their specific edits by using the "diff" feature of the page history). These issues are handled automatically by the Mediawiki software if you edit the page online, retrieving and submitting the wikicode in the same text box.


Minor edit

When editing a page, a logged-in user has the option of flagging the edit as a "minor edit". When to use this is somewhat a matter of personal preference. The rule of thumb is that an edit of a page that is spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearranging of text should be flagged as a "minor edit". A major edit is basically something that makes the entry worth relooking at for somebody who wants to watch the article rather closely, so any "real" change, even if it is a single word. This feature is important, because users can choose to hide minor edits in their view of the Recent Changes page, to keep the volume of edits down to a manageable level.

The reason for not allowing a user who is not logged in to mark an edit as minor is that vandalism could then be marked as a minor edit, in which case it would stay unnoticed longer. This limitation is another reason to log in.


Dummy edit

A dummy edit is a change in wikitext that has unnoticeable or no effect on the rendered page, but saves a useful dummy edit summary. The dummy edit summary can be used for text messaging, and correcting a previous edit summary such as an accidental marking of a previous edit as "minor" (see Minor edit). Text messaging via the edit summary is a way of communicating with other editors. Text messages may be seen by dotted IP number editors who don't have a user talk page, or editors who haven't read the subject's talk page, if it exists. Each edit summary can hold 202 text characters. A dummy edit should be checkboxed "minor" by logged-in editors.

Examples:
  • Changing the number of newlines in the edit text. Changing from 0 to 1 or from 2 to 3 (or vice versa) has no effect on the rendered page. Changing from 1 to 2 newlines makes a rendered difference that might not be a dummy edit. Adding newline(s) to the end of the article will not save as a dummy edit (see Null edit).
  • Dot dummy edit. Adding a newline followed by "." (dot/period/full stop character) to the end of the article. The dot can be entered and removed repeatedly by two editors, to save each additional dummy edit summary during a text message dialog. This method is easier to learn and faster than seeking out suitable newlines to change, but it isn't applicable to section edits. In most articles a concluding dot is unnoticeable and harmless, but it should be removed if convenient during the next text edit.


Null edit

A null edit occurs if a page save is made when the wikitext has not changed, which is useful for refreshing the cache. A null edit will not record an edit, or make any entry in the page history, Recent Changes, user contributions, etc., and the edit summary is discarded.

Examples:
  • Opening the edit window and saving. A section edit save is sufficient.
  • Adding newline(s) only to the end of the article and saving.


The wiki markup

In the left column of the table below, you can see what effects are possible. In the right column, you can see how those effects were achieved. In other words, to make text look like it looks in the left column, type it in the format you see in the right column.


Sections, paragraphs, lists and lines

What it looks like What you type

Start your sections with header lines:


New section

Subsection

Sub-subsection


== New section ==

=== Subsection ===

==== Sub-subsection ====

Newline:

A single newline has no effect on the layout.

But an empty line starts a new paragraph.

(<p> disables this paragraphing until </p> or the end of the section)

(in Cologne Blue two newlines and a div tag give just one newline; in the order newline, div tag, newline, the result is two newlines)


A single
newline
has no
effect on the
layout.

But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.
You can break lines
without starting a new paragraph.

Sufficient as wikitext code is <br>, the XHTML code <br /> is not needed, the system produces this code.

You can break lines<br>
without starting a new paragraph.
  • Lists are easy to do:
    • start every line with a star
      • more stars means deeper levels
  • A newline
  • in a list

marks the end of the list.

  • Of course
  • you can
  • start again.
* Lists are easy to do:
** start every line with a star
*** more stars means deeper levels
*A newline
*in a list  
marks the end of the list.
*Of course
*you can
*start again.

  1. Numbered lists are also good
    1. very organized
    2. easy to follow
  2. A newline
  3. in a list

marks the end of the list.

  1. New numbering starts
  2. with 1.
# Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
#A newline
#in a list  
marks the end of the list.
#New numbering starts
#with 1.
  • You can even do mixed lists
    1. and nest them
      • like this
        or have newlines
        inside lists
* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* like this<br>or have newlines<br>inside lists
  • You can also
    • break lines
      inside lists
      like this
* You can also
**break lines<br>inside lists<br>like this
Definition list 
list of definitions
item 
the item's definition
; Definition list : list
of definitions
; item : the item's definition
A colon indents a line or paragraph.

A manual newline starts a new paragraph.

  • This is primarily for displayed material, but is also used for discussion on Talk pages.
: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
IF a line of plain text starts with a space THEN
  it will be formatted exactly
    as typed;
  in a fixed-width font;
  lines won't wrap;
ENDIF
this is useful for:
  * pasting preformatted text;
  * algorithm descriptions;
  * program source code
  * ASCII art;
  * chemical structures;

WARNING If you make it wide, you force the whole page to be wide and hence less readable. Never start ordinary lines with spaces.

(see also below)
 IF a line of plain text starts with a space THEN
   it will be formatted exactly
     as typed;
   in a fixed-width font;
   lines won't wrap;
 ENDIF
 this is useful for:
   * pasting preformatted text;
   * algorithm descriptions;
   * program source code
   * ASCII art;
   * chemical structures;
Centered text.
<center>Centered text.</center>
A horizontal dividing line: above

and below.

A horizontal dividing line: above
----
and below. 

Summarizing the effect of a single newline: no effect in general, but it ends a list item or indented part; thus changing some text into a list item, or indenting it, is more cumbersome if it contains newlines, they have to be removed.

Links, URLs

What it looks like What you type
Eatoni has great products.
  • First letter of target is automatically capitalized.
  • Internal spaces are automatically represented as underscores (typing an underscore has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).

Thus the link above is to http://wiki.eatoni.com/wiki/index.php/Products, which is the page with the name "Products".

Eatoni has great [[products]].

Link to a section on a page, e.g. Eatoni:FAQ#What_is_CEHLNSTY.3F; when section editing does not work the link is treated as link to the page, i.e. to the top; this applies for:

  • links to non-existent sections
  • links in redirects
  • interwiki links
[[Eatoni:FAQ#What_is_CEHLNSTY.3F]].
Link target and link label are different: forum.

(This is called a piped link).

Link target and link label are different: 
[[Community|forum]]
Endings are blended into the link: Eatoni:FAQs
Endings are blended
into the link: [[FAQ]]s
The weather in London is a page that doesn't exist yet.
  • You can create it (sysops only) by clicking on the link.
  • To create a new page:
    1. Create a link to it on some other page.
    2. Save that page.
    3. Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.
[[The weather in London]] is a page
that doesn't exist yet.

Redirect one article title to another by putting text like this in its first line.

#REDIRECT [[About Us]]
"What links here" and "Related changes" can be linked as:

Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page and Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page

[[Special:Whatlinkshere/
Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/
Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]
External links: Wikipedia, [1]
External links:
[http://www.wikipedia.com Wikipedia], [http://www.wikipedia.com]
Or just give the URL: http://www.wikipedia.com.
  • In the URL all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%-+&#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains a different character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written %5E (to be looked up in ASCII). A blank space can also be converted into an underscore.
Or just give the URL:
http://www.nupedia.com.

To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link.
Sound


[[media:Test.mp3|Sound]]
Use links for dates, so everyone can set their own display order. Use Special:Preferences to change your own date display setting.
[[July 20]], [[1969]] , [[20 July]] [[1969]]
and [[1969]]-[[07-20]]
will all appear as 20 July 1969 if you set your date display preference to 1 January 2001.

Images

What it looks like What you type
A picture: Eatoni Logo
  • For many projects, only images that have been uploaded to the same project can be used. To upload images, use the upload page. You can find the uploaded image on the image list
A picture: [[Image:Logo.gif]]

or, with alternate text (strongly encouraged)

[[Image:Logo.gif|Eatoni Logo]] 

Web browsers render alternate text when not displaying an image -- for example, when the image isn't loaded, or in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud. See Alternate text for images for help on choosing alternate text. See Extended image syntax for more options.

To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.
Eatoni Logo


[[media:Logo.jpg|Eatoni Logo]]

Character formatting

What it looks like What you type

Emphasize, strongly, very strongly.

  • These are double and triple apostrophes, not double quotes.
''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''.

You can also write italic and bold if the desired effect
is a specific font style rather than emphasis, as in mathematical formulae:

F = ma
  • However, the difference between these two methods is not very important for graphical browsers, and many people choose to ignore it.
You can also write <i>italic</i> and <b>bold</b> if the desired effect<br/>
is a specific font style rather than emphasis, as in mathematical formulae:
:<b>F</b> = <i>m</i><b>a</b>

A teletype (typewriter) font.

A teletype (<tt>typewriter</tt>) font.

You can use small text for captions.

You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.

You can strike out deleted material and underline new material.

You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike>
and <u>underline new material</u>.

Umlauts and accents:
è é ê ë ì í

À Á Â Ã Ä Å
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë
Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò
Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù
Ú Û Ü ß à á
â ã ä å æ ç
è é ê ë ì í
î ï ñ ò ó ô
œ õ ö ø ù ú
û ü ÿ

è é ê ë ì í

&Agrave; &Aacute; &Acirc; &Atilde; &Auml; &Aring;<br/>
&AElig; &Ccedil; &Egrave; &Eacute; &Ecirc; &Euml;<br/>
&Igrave; &Iacute; &Icirc; &Iuml; &Ntilde; &Ograve;<br/>
&Oacute; &Ocirc; &Otilde; &Ouml; &Oslash; &Ugrave;<br/>
&Uacute; &Ucirc; &Uuml; &szlig; &agrave; &aacute;<br/>
&acirc; &atilde; &auml; &aring; &aelig; &ccedil;<br/>
&egrave; &eacute; &ecirc; &euml; &igrave; &iacute;<br/>
&icirc; &iuml; &ntilde; &ograve; &oacute; &ocirc;<br/>
&oelig; &otilde; &ouml; &oslash; &ugrave; &uacute;<br/>
&ucirc; &uuml; &yuml;

Punctuation:
¿ ¡ « » § ¶ † ‡ • —

&iquest; &iexcl; &laquo; &raquo; &sect; &para; &dagger; &Dagger; &bull; &mdash;

Commercial symbols:
™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤

&trade; &copy; &reg; &cent; &euro; &yen; &pound; &curren;

Subscript: x2
Superscript: x2 or x²

  • The latter method of superscript can't be used in the most general context, but is preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it.

ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C² / J m.

Subscript: x<sub>2</sub><br/>
Superscript: x<sup>2</sup> or x&sup2;

or in projects with the templates sub and sup:

Subscript: x{{sub|2}}<br/>
Superscript: x{{sup|2}}

&epsilon;<sub>0</sub> = 8.85 &times; 10<sup>&minus;12</sup> C&sup2; / J m.

Greek characters:
α β γ δ ε ζ
η θ ι κ λ μ ν
ξ ο π ρ σ ς
τ υ φ χ ψ ω
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π
Σ Φ Ψ Ω

&alpha; &beta; &gamma; &delta; &epsilon; &zeta;<br/>
&eta; &theta; &iota; &kappa; &lambda; &mu; &nu;<br/>
&xi; &omicron; &pi; &rho;  &sigma; &sigmaf;<br/>
&tau; &upsilon; &phi; &chi; &psi; &omega;<br/>
&Gamma; &Delta; &Theta; &Lambda; &Xi; &Pi;<br/>
&Sigma; &Phi; &Psi; &Omega;

Math characters:
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞
≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ ←
× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″
∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇
¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔
→ ↔

&int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &minus; &plusmn; &infin;<br/>
&asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne; &le; &ge; &larr;<br/>
&times; &middot; &divide; &part; &prime; &Prime;<br/>
&nabla; &permil; &deg; &there4; &alefsym; &oslash;<br/>
&isin; &notin; &cap; &cup; &sub; &sup; &sube; &supe;<br/>
&not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall; &rArr; &hArr;<br/>
&rarr; &harr;

x2   ≥   0 true.

  • To space things out, use non-breaking spaces - &nbsp;.
  • &nbsp; also prevents line breaks in the middle of text, this is useful in formulae.
<i>x</i><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&ge;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 true.

Complicated formulae:
  <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>

<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>

For comparison for the following examples:
arrow →

italics

arrow      &rarr;

''italics''

Use <nowiki> to suppress interpretation of wiki markup, but interpret character references and remove newlines and multiple spaces:
arrow → ''italics''

<nowiki>arrow      &rarr;

''italics''

</nowiki>

Use <pre> to suppress interpretation of wiki markup and keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font, but interpret character references:

arrow      →

''italics''
<pre>arrow      &rarr;

''italics''
</pre>

Use leading space on each line to keep newlines and multiple spaces, and get typewriter font:

arrow      →
italics
 arrow      &rarr;
 ''italics''

Use typewriter font:
arrow → italics

<tt>arrow      &rarr;</tt>
<tt>''italics''</tt>
<tt></tt>

Show character references by writing out the leading ampersand:
&rarr;

&amp;rarr;

Commenting page source:
not shown in page

  • Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.
<!-- comment here -->


HTML Tables

HTML tables can be quite useful as well. For details on how to use them and discussion about when they are appropriate.


Disable Wrap-Around

Float objects (layers tables etc.) have text wrapped around them by default. You can limit this by inserting:

<br style="clear:both" />

at the point you wish after the object.


Table Of Contents

MediaWiki automatically adds a TOC if there are at least 4 sections in the page. To disable it, include __NOTOC__. The opposite (if you don't have 4 sections) is done with __FORCETOC__. We have two templates for floating TOC. For those use {{TOCleft}} and {{TOCright}}.


Eatoni site specific editing


Image Link

The Eatoni MediaWiki system provides a way of creating images that link somewhere other than the image page.

Use the <imagelink> image.jpg | link | description | width | height | imagemapname | imagemapdata <imagelink> format for that purpose. All parameters after the first are optional.

Raw HTML

You can use raw html and enclose it in <rawhtml> tags. Be careful, as you should not have new lines between the tags.

Color Boxes

If you want to produce the light orange bordered boxes as in the Eatoni comment pages, use the html table tag and assign class="misctable" to the table or its rows/cells.

Rounded Boxes

For a rounded grey box enclose your text body in <div class="Box"> and your title in <div class="Top"><h2> tags. Be careful, if you use tables inside the div you have to set width=100% to your (outmost if nested) table. If you want to limit the size of the box you can either use width on the div.Box itself or put it inside a table. Avoid empty lines (use <br /> instead). If you have display problems when trying to float the box, try putting it inside a table and the table inside a <div style="float: xxx"> tag.

The blue rounded box is done using <div class="firstHeading">.

Templates

Currently supported templates:

  • {{TOCleft}} and {{TOCright}}: Floating TOCs
  • {{Tl}}: Template to allow posting links to templates (like the one next to this sentense).


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